ETRI Archives

Transparent Electrode Needs Development for Next Generation Display to Surge

2015年 12月 29日/0 コメント/カテゴリ: ディスプレイ, 技術 /作成者: OLEDNET

Recently, with various research results regarding transparent electrode, interest in next generation transparent electrode is increasing.

In early December, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) developed printing technology that can arrange the Ag nanowire in the direction chosen on top of substrate. Ag nanowire is transparent electrode that can be applied to large area flexible touch panel and display products. This technology allows the surface to be flat through the fusion of nanotechnology to the existing printing process and increases transmittance.

Around the same time, ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) developed technology that replaces thin metal electrode on top of OLED substrate with graphene transparent electrode. The metal electrode that were being used in OLED was mostly silver (Ag) material, but due to the reflection of internal light, the viewing angle changed depending on the angle. The external light also affected picture quality due to reflection. The newly developed technology used graphene that mostly does not reflect internal/external light as transparent electrode and improved transmittance and picture quality.

At present, ITO (indium tin oxide) is most widely used as transparent electrode materials. However, the supply is limited and flexible electronic device application is narrow. As such, the demand for the development of new materials that can replace this is greatly increasing. Particularly, as ITO is not suitable for stretchable device, the next generation transparent electrode development is considered to be a key issue for future display.

At 2016 Production/Process Technology Development and Application Cases by Flexible Transparent Electrode and Film Materials Seminar (December 17) held in Seoul, South Korea, Dr. Won Mok Kim of KIST (Korea Institute of Science and Technology) discussed, of many flexible transparent electrodes, TCO (transparent conductive oxide) production and process technology through presentation titled ‘TCO based flexible transparent electrode production and process technology development trend and applications’.

Of the transparent conductive materials, oxides have been researched the longest, and they are most widely used transparent conductive materials. Oxide including conductive materials have optical band gap of ≥3.0 eV and therefore has high transmittance and can be flexible. Kim revealed that TCO needs further improvement in conductivity and transmittance for display application.

Regarding transparent body, when refractive indexes of components are different, the path of light through the transparent body is refracted. When this occurs, the object becomes hazy although transparent. Haze is quantified and used to assess the transparent body’s performance. Kim explained that for solar cell the haze is purposefully increased to transmit more light to the internal active materials. However, if the display is clouded the clarity of image is reduced and therefore haze has to be lowered. To achieve this, Kim reported that the TCO’s surface roughness has to be reduced.

Kim revealed that there are two issues, temperature and flexibility, when TCO is used as transparent electrode. ITO’s conductivity is highest at 300 ℃, and for ZnO it is around 200 ℃. Channel cracks could occur with TCO when higher than bending strain is applied, and the crack could snap when it is bent further, destroying the device performance. Kim explained that to increase the bending strain, the thickness has to be reduced. However, when doing so as the sheet tension increases, the process has to be designed carefully considering the tradeoff.

Transparent electrode could be applied to display, solar cell, touch panel, and lighting among others and therefore requires much development. Although oxides have been long researched as transparent electrode materials, Kim concluded that even more diverse value can be created through fusion with next generation materials.

OLED and Graphene Together Achieves Innovative Technology

2015年 12月 24日/0 コメント/カテゴリ: ディスプレイ, 技術, 照明 /作成者: OLEDNET

By Choong Hoon Yi

Korean research team is expected to greatly improve display’s transmittance and picture quality through fusing graphene technology, focus of much attention as the new material to OLED technology.

On December 15, ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) replaced the thin metal electrode that was used as transparent electrode on top of the OLED substrate with graphene transparent electrode, and succeeded in developing original technology that is conductive and transparent.

This research results were presented in Scientific Reports, a journal from the publishers of Nature on December 2.

The metal electrode used in OLED until now has been mostly silver material, but due to the reflection of internal light, the viewing angle changed depending on the angle. The external light also affected picture quality due to reflection.

In order to solve this problem, ETRI research team focused on graphene that mostly does not reflect internal/external light. By replacing the material, the team reported that the transmittance increased by approximately 40% and reflectance improved by approximately 60%.

OLED was successfully lighted by attaching graphene transparent electrode to the organic layer on top of the film form (23 x 23 mm, 30 ㎛ thickness) of substrate. The research team believes this will be able to contribute much when applied to transparent OLED display and white OLED-based large area OLED display in future.

Particularly, unlike the existing vacuum process OLED production method, this technology can be employed via lamination where film is attached to the organic layer and graphene. Therefore, OLED can be produced through simpler process. It is expected that this can be evolved into production technology using roll to roll process.

Additionally, ETRI, together with Hanwha Techwin, is working on applying graphene transparent electrode to OLED’s lower electrode through collaboration of high quality graphene thin film electrode materials. The related technology development results were published online by The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

ETRI’s Dr. Jeong-Ik Lee (soft I/O interface research section) anticipated that “this technology will be able to play a role in widening the gap with latecomer countries in OLED industry where challenging latecomers are strong”.

This research was carried out through Korea’s Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning and Institute for Information & Communications Technology Promotion (IITP)’s “Energy reducing environment adapting I/O platform technology development for future advertisement service” project and Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology’s “Substrate size 5.5 generation or larger graphene film and OLED device/panel foundation and application technology development for graphene materials OLED transparent electrode and thin film encapsulation application”.

ETRI is planning to additionally develop sheet tension reducing technology by manufacturing metal in thin, grid forms and enlargement technology to produce mobile display size within 2016.

Through this technology, the research team produced 6 international patent applications and 6 papers. ETRI is intending to transfer the technology to graphene film and display panel companies among others. Commercialization is estimated to begin after 3 years.

1. Graphene transparent electrode applied lit OLED

2. OLED with existing thin metal electrode and graphene electrode OLED comparison (Left: Graphene, Right: Thin Metal, Ag)

3.Film including graphene transparent electrode applied to lamination process using OLED production

3. Comparison graph of existing thin metal electrode OLED and graphene electrode OLED

4. Film including graphene transparent electrode applied to lamination process using OLED production

5. Graphene transparent electrode OLED Production Process

[Process Explanation]

After manufacturing laminated film, formed with bonding layer (BL) and PET film, using surface treated substrate, graphene transparent electrode is transferred on to the bonding layer. By laminating the laminated film that includes graphene transparent electrode on the substrate (lower electrode and organic layer), OLED where graphene transparent electrode is used as upper electrode is complete.

6. Graphene OLED of diverse colors

ETRI Reveals Graphene Applied OLED Lighting

2015年 11月 23日/0 コメント/カテゴリ: ディスプレイ, 技術, 照明 /作成者: OLEDNET

At R&D Korea 2015 (November 19-21), ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) revealed OLED lighting and graphene related research results.

Since 2013, ETRI has been participating in ‘Graphene Applied OLED Device/Panel Technology Development’ project as a supervising organization. This project is a part of ‘Graphene Device/Component Commercialization Technology Business’, which is a Korean national project. This project’s ultimate aims include development of graphene electrode material with ≥15Ω sheet resistance, ≥90% transmittance, 3nm thickness, ≤5% sheet resistance uniformity, ≤5nm surface profile, and ≥5.5 generation area, graphene based protection layer that can be used for 5.5 generation 55inch OLED panel with ≤10^-6 g/m²WVTR, graphene anode OLED with ≥90% external quantum efficiency compared to ITO anode OLED, and diagonally 1300mm OLED panel prototype.

In this exhibition, ETRI presented OLED lighting that used graphene as the electrode. ETRI’s Dr. Jeong-Ik Lee explained that recently interest in graphene electrode is increasing to replace ITO electrode and to apply graphene electrode, optical, electrical, and process issues have to be considered. When graphene is used as OLED electrode instead of ITO, thickness and refractive index change optically and electrically energy levels change, and these have to be considered when designing. He also emphasized that in terms of process, it has to be designed keeping in mind of before and after process of electrode procedure. Dr. Lee revealed that at present optical and electrical issues are solved while the process issues are in research stage, and they are planning to present the results of this research within this year.

Graphene, with its high resistivity, is known as next generation electrode material favorable to flexible and foldable. Dr. Lee pointed out that graphene has wider viewing angle than ITO when used as transparent electrode is another important advantage, and particularly as white light source’s spectrum cannot change according to the viewing angle, graphene is suitable for application.

Graphene is a key material with a wide arrange of applications, it is being developed in diverse areas such as OLED encapsulation as well as in electrode sector. The Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning of Korea estimated that domestic graphene market will record 19 billion KRW until 2025. Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology, the organization in charge of this national project, gave their target as developing 9 top technology through graphene and achieve 17 billion KRW sales. Regarding this, Dr. Lee emphasized compared to other countries, Korean investment in graphene is relatively low and that now is the time for the Korean corporations and government agencies to pay more attention higher value-added businesses.

[Automotive Display Seminar] Automotive Display, Urgent Transparent Display Technology Development Needed

2015年 11月 20日/0 コメント/カテゴリ: ディスプレイ, 展示 /作成者: OLEDNET

By Choong Hoon Yi

On November 13, Automotive Display Development Technology and Commercialization Planning seminar was hosted by Educational Center of Future Technology in Yeouido, South Korea.

KATECH (Korea Automotive Technology Institute)’s Dr. Sun-Hong Park explained that “as the automotive display market grows, display market’s domain is expanding” and announced “market for CID (Central Information Display) that mainly functions as navigation device and HUD (Head Up Display) that can show mileage and speed is steadily growing since 2008 and it is anticipated to grow considerably in future”. He added that particularly, 7inch or larger CID is increasing its market share in display market and that CID is becoming larger. He also mentioned that with the increase of traffic accidents from driver’s lack of attention to the road, HUD that can show information on the front window is necessary. However, legibility issues due to brightness and reflectiveness and technological issues such as integration with other display device need to be solved.

Dr. Sun-Hong Park of KATECH (Korea Automotive Technology Institute)

Dr. Chi-Sun Hwang of ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) compared display technology that can actualize transparent display, and technological issues to be solved in order for it to be applied to automotive. Hwang explained that although display technology that can produce transparent display include LCD, OLED TFEL (thin film EL), HUD (projection) among others, AMOLED is the most suitable considering resolution and transmittance. Although LCD technology level is at commercialization stage, as the transmittance is not high it can interfere with the driver’s viewing field. He also added that “poly Si TFT technology performance is good, transmittance is limited. However, oxide TFT technology’s transmittance is high and performance is continuing to improve, it needs to be more actively developed”. To be used as an automotive display, it has to meet certain conditions such as temperature, production cost, and brightness to be an automotive component as well as being placed in the suitable location in the driver’s viewing field; compared to other general display, automotive display is facing higher number of technical issues.

Dr. Chi-Sun Hwang of ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute)

Source: Dr. Chi-Sun Hwang of ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute)

With the focus on the transparent display from automotive display industry, the interest in the technology needed for the application to automotive is also increasing. In order to lead the automotive display market, understanding of automotive components’ characteristics and effort to solve the diverse issues facing the optimized driving condition are required as well as knowledge of display itself.

[IWFPE 2015] What Will Replace ITO?

2015年 11月 11日/0 コメント/カテゴリ: ディスプレイ, 技術 /作成者: OLEDNET

2015 IWFPE (International Workshop on Flexible & Printable Electronics) was held at Le Win Hotel in Jeonju, South Korea (November 4-6). During the workshop, many OLED display related presentations commented on ITO’s replacement material.

Dr. Jennifer Colegrove, CEO of US research company Touch Display Research, discussed hot trends of 2015-2016. Dr. Colegrove included high resolution, transparent display, wearable device, and flexible display in the hot trends. Of these she pointed out ITO replacement material regarding touch panel. She mentioning metal mesh, silver nanowire, CNT, and graphene as materials that could replace ITO. Dr. Colegrove added that the material has to be flexible in order to be applicable to flexible display and needs to have high efficiency.

Hanwha Techwin’s Dr. Seungmin Cho announced that graphene, which has higher uniformity compared to ITO, will be the material of future. With lower resistance than ITO, graphene shows good characteristics, but Dr. Cho explained that high cost and particles produced are issues that need to be solved. He also commented that China selected graphene related national projects and is striving to develop the technology.

Dr. Hyunkoo Lee of ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) presented that the multi-layered graphene that ETRI, Sungkyunkwan University, and KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) co-developed will become the material that can replace ITO. He also introduced the results that as the transmittance is particularly high, it is suitable for transparent display, and compared to silver nanowire material in high resolution top emission structure, the display’s brightness is higher.

ITO replacement development is an issue for the future of display industry’s progress. It is estimated that research development on graphene as one of the ITO replacement electrodes will be actively carried out.

ETRI’s Doo-Hee Cho Receives IEC 1906 Award

2015年 11月 3日/0 コメント/カテゴリ: 照明 /作成者: OLEDNET

On October 23, ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) Information & Communications Core Technology Research Laboratory’s Dr. Doo-Hee Cho received IEC 1906 Award at World Standards Day ceremony. The IEC 1906 Award recognizes exceptional current achievements and it is presented by the International Electrotechnical Commission, one of the top 3 international standards organizations.

Dr. Cho has been active in IEC since his involvement in 2009. The activities include serving as the president of IEC·TC34 (lighting)’s OLED working group and establishment of IEC 62866: Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) panels for general lighting – Safety requirements.

Founded in 1906, IEC is one of the top 3 international standards organizations along with ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and ITU (International Telecommunication Union) with 83 member countries. IEC established IEC 1906 Award in 2004. Since then they have been selecting industry’s experts with outstanding contribution to electrotechnical standardization and IEC development and presenting the award annually. With this award for Dr. Cho, acceleration to OLED lighting’s international standardization and OLED lighting business growth are anticipated.

IEC 1906 Award Badge

IEC 1906 Award Certificate

Dr. Doo-Hee Cho

ETRI achieved the first international standard for OLED lighting

2014年 11月 25日/0 コメント/カテゴリ: 미분류 /作成者: OLEDNET

– The world’s first OLED lighting international standard proposed by Korea
– Promote OLED Industry by standardizing ‘Low Power’‘Eco-friendly’ OLED Lighting
– Establish New Ecosystem for the Next Generation Lighting Industry, Take the lead of Creative Economy

The grand achievement was made for the Korean researchers as the Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) lighting technology that they have suggested for the first time in the world was chosen as the international standard by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

This accomplishment will promote domestic companies to enter into the OLED lighting field as Korea occupies more than 90% of the entire global market in case of AMOLED display using OLED.

The ETRI (Electronics Telecommunications Research Institute, President Heung Nam Kim) announced on the 11^th that Dr. Jo Du-hui from the Soft I/O Interface Research Lab conduced significantly to the international standard of 『Safety requirements for OLED panels used in general lighting』.

OLED lighting is drawing attention as a representative creative technology to lead the next generation lighting industry for it has eco-friendly properties like energy saving and, in addition, it is thin, lightweight, transparent and bendable.

Especially for OLED, it is advantageous in terms of industrial infrastructure utilization as Korea is dominating the global market of AMOLED display.

Therefore, the researchers are expecting to have higher international competitiveness than in any other lighting fields.

ETRI was carrying out the enactment of international standard as a pressing task along with the development of relevant technologies to build OLED lighting industry ecosystem.

It is because the standardization is critical to use and industrialize the OLED as a light source of numerous lighting fixtures.

Thus, the speedy preoccupancy of international standard by ETRI is to be the favorable condition in the Korean OLED lighting related industry.

In the course of legislating the international standard, the opinions and test results concluded in consultation with the domestic company were reflected on the standard.

Accordingly, the ETRI expects to create groundwork for the expansion of market in a short period of time by saving time and cost for domestic companies in industrializing and minimizing the confusion in entering into the market.

ETRI is planning to take the lead of the performance standard in relation to the efficiency and lifespan of OLED light source following the international standard regarding safety field.

Furthermore, it was said that the standard for the module will be carried forward additionally.

Supported by the Lighting Committee of Korea Agency for Technology and Standards, Dr. Jo Du-hui performed outstandingly as the chairperson of ‘OLED Lighting Working Group,’ which is IEC’s technical subcommittee for lighting fields since 2011.

The standard proposal for the ‘Safety requirements for OLED panels used in general lighting’ was submitted to IEC in November, 2011 for the first time and issued in September as the final decision was made after the three-year long discussions and revisions.

Every electronics must be certified through the safety test when importing and exporting. The international standard that Dr. Jo of ETRI accomplished is defining test methods and standard values for various electric/mechanical characteristics of OLED together with the labelling requirements for the safety certification.

The registration of international standard for OLED lighting is a remarkable success of obtaining Korea’s first international standard in the international standard organization of lighting field where advanced countries are taking the lead.

As stated by the UBI Research which is the professional OLED related market research media, the OLED lighting panel market is prospected to be about $ 4.7 billion in 2020 globally.

ETRI forecasts that there is growing possibility of Korea occupying the world’s OLED lighting market in advance on this occasion of the international standardization besides the fact that it is the OLED lighting industry of Korea which has the one and only mass production technology in the world.

Lee Jeong-ik, the executive director of Soft I/O Interface Research Lab said that, “This research result is expected to activate OLED lighting industry and contribute to establishment of the new ecosystem for the next generation lighting industry conform to creative economy scheme.”

ETRI performed a leading role in periodic technology developments together with international standardization tasks from the material/parts to the light source-lighting fixtures through the support by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy.

This accomplishment of standardization was facilitated through the ‘Development of Key Technology for Interactive Smart OLED Lighting’ project by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning.

Through this project, the research team produced satisfactory results of developing OLED lighting technology of wireless power system among 12 domestic and international papers, 29 national and international patents, and 4 technology transfers.

Source – ETRI

投稿